虽然内镜粘膜下剥离术治疗T1a早期食管鳞状细胞癌有效，但偶尔复发是不可避免的。四川大学华西医院Zhang等人的一项小型随机对照试验的报告显示，辅助放疗可改善3年无复发生存率(100%vs. 85.3%)。

结直肠癌仍然是癌症相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因。在一项大型研究中，Baile-maxia等人对既往肠道准备欠佳的粪便免疫化学检测阳性患者进行早期重复结肠镜检查（1年内）。他们发现腺瘤和晚期腺瘤的发生率较高，随后随访监测建议的变化接近15%。

由于患者和/或内镜医师相关因素，结肠镜检查有时仍不完整，对于一些患者，结肠镜检查不适用或可能不可接受。ESGE和欧洲胃肠和腹部放射学会(ESGAR)的更新指南阐述了结肠镜检查、计算机断层扫描结肠成像和结肠胶囊式内窥镜检查两种主要成像替代方法的临床适应症，并根据这些非侵入性方法的结果讨论了检查策略。

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is effective for treating T1a early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, occasional recurrences are inevitable. This trial was designed to clarify the efficacy of combining ESD with additional radiotherapy in the treatment of T1a ESCC.

Current guidelines regarding surveillance after screening colonoscopy assume adequate bowel preparation. However, follow-up intervals after suboptimal cleansing are highly heterogeneous. We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of early repeat colonoscopy in patients with suboptimal bowel preparation in fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening colonoscopy. 

This is an update of the 2014 – 15 Guideline of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). It addresses the clinical indications for the use of imaging alternatives to standard colonoscopy. A targeted literature search was performed to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) or colon capsule endoscopy (CCE). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.